Asthma and Emphysema

Understanding Asthma and Lung Health

Breathing is something most of us do without much thought, but for some people, managing their breathing can be a daily challenge. Asthma is a long-term condition that affects the airways in the lungs, making them more sensitive to certain triggers like dust, cold air, exercise, or smoke. When triggered, the airways can narrow, swell, and produce extra mucus—making it harder to breathe.

While asthma is more commonly recognised in children, many adults also live with it—some developing symptoms later in life. Emphysema, another chronic lung condition, can also affect breathing, particularly in people with a history of smoking or long-term exposure to air pollutants.

General Symptoms of Asthma

Asthma symptoms can vary in severity and frequency. They may include:

• Wheezing (a whistling sound while breathing)
• Tightness in the chest
• Shortness of breath
• Persistent coughing, especially at night or early in the morning
• Feelings of anxiety during difficulty in breathing

Common Triggers

Every person is different, but some common elements that may trigger asthma symptoms include:

• Dust and dust mites
• Pet fur or dander
• Pollen and seasonal allergens
• Cold or dry air
• Exercise, especially in colder weather
• Exposure to cigarette smoke or industrial fumes
• Respiratory infections like the common cold or flu

Diagnosing Asthma

A healthcare provider can assess symptoms and may use tests to better understand how the lungs are functioning. These may include:

• A physical examination and health history
• Breathing tests (lung function assessments)
• Allergy testing, if sensitivities are suspected

Diagnosis is important for developing a personalised approach to respiratory care.

Supporting Lung Health

While asthma and other chronic lung conditions require professional care and ongoing monitoring, there are general steps that may support better breathing health:

• Avoid known triggers wherever possible (e.g., keeping indoor spaces well-ventilated and dust-free)
• Stay active with advice from a healthcare provider—light exercise can support general respiratory fitness
• Monitor air quality and limit outdoor activities on high-pollution or high-pollen days
• Avoid exposure to tobacco smoke and pollutants
• Discuss symptoms regularly with your GP or healthcare team to ensure ongoing support and management

When to Seek Help

If you're experiencing frequent coughing, shortness of breath, or wheezing, it’s important to consult a qualified healthcare professional. They can provide an accurate diagnosis and guide you through the next steps.

PrimeMedic offers general health consultations that can be booked from the comfort of your home. If you have concerns about your breathing or want to speak to a registered practitioner, you can schedule a non-urgent online appointment.